Wales > UK.
"UK is a trap."
Ireland > UK
Ireland is Yes. Wales is the Best.
Tuesday, October 21, 2008
The United Kingdom. England. Britain. To me the places seem so familiar and comfortable that I would hardly consider gathering moss about it. But it is time to pay regard to those seas that grow green grass and trees called the British Isles.
History
Introduction of Christianity
Before the introduction of Christianity by Constantine Romans in the 4th century AD, and St Augustine in 597, pagan and folk religions were widespread in Britain and other northern lands. From the 300's AD to the later millennium pagan and Christian religions struggled in the hearts of the people.
The Kingdom of Kent converted to Christianity in 597 AD and Saint Augustine, who questioned whether women have souls, 1 > 0, became the first Archbishop of Canterbury when he and his missionaries sent by Pope Saint Gregory the Great converted king Aethelbert of Kent to Christianity. A mass baptism by water on Christmas Day in 597 converted thousands of Canterbury villagers. The king gave St Augustine's missionaries land outside the city walls to build a monastery. Celtic pagans did not accept St Augustine's authority.
Stonehenge
Dated by archaeologists to between 2200 BC - 3000BC, Stonehenge is a spiritual and astrological tool and calendar for ancient Celts. Pagan earth religions and Celtic rituals cover the Stonehenge and other realms like it.
Roman Empire
One of the oldest elements of Britain is Hadrian's Wall, built by the Roman Emperor Hadrian at the slenderest part of northern England south of Scotland, to defend the southern from invasions by the Picts, Celts, and other northern tribes.
Ancient to Medieval England
Caledonia was the name given to Scotland north of Rome.
Around 100AD, those on the Eire were Robogdii, Nagnatae, Eblani, Brigantes [Brigands], and the Hiberni from north to south. Brigand King Venutius in northern England led a revolt against Roman rule in the 50's AD and was defeated.
Before the Roman invasion the tribes of Britain were the Caledonians, Damnii, the Brigands, the Ordovices, Silvres, Iceni, Trinobantes, Cantii, Belgae, and Dvmnonii at the Land's End. Belgae gave their name and blood to Belgium eventually. The Frisii were those from the Low Countries.
In [313] AD Emperor Constantine of the Eastern Roman Empire saw a sign "Px" in the sky as clouds, which led him to victory in battle. He converted to Christianity and declared his empire Christian. England, Roman at the time, became more influenced by Roman Christianity. Christianity had first come to England via Ireland and Iberia in the first or second centuries.
Around 300AD northern England also contained Novantae, Selgovae, and Votadini. By 400AD Roman rule was crumbling and in 410AD all Roman legions withdrew from Britain, leaving them to their own devices. Scotland also contained Taezali, Picts, Vacomagi, Lvgi, and Venicones. I think of these here as last names for large tribes of people. Before large and permanent settlements condensed as populations grew and trading centers prospered, tribal regions were frontiers and the people there migrated frequently.
By 500 the major tribes in northern England were the Scots, the Picts, the Caledonians, and the Lvgi in the farthest north. Romans never touch Ireland and the 5 tribes there held their positions for centuries. After Romans left Britain, the Britainni tribes settled in the western half of the southlands, covering Wales. The Saxons held the area of London, and their eastern branch the land south of Denmark. The Angles settled in eastern Britain and southern Denmark. This is the era of the Angels and the Saxones invading Britain.
The land of Brittany in western France was called Aremorica.
In 597 AD St. Augustine converted Kent to Christianity and began spreading it through England vivaciously.
The King's School was build in 597 in Canterbury. It is possibly England's oldest school.
By 600 the area has forgotten Rome and many small kingdoms and tribes more densely populate the island. Better more recent archaeology and more permanent and populous settlements provide better clues about the people.
The male King Anna of East Anglia was born in 630
Synod of Whitby, 664 AD.
The Gwynned form in northern Wales, and remain a force there for centuries. Cornwall is settled by the Cornish, who also have hands in western France. Mercia forms north of London. East Anglia forms east of London. Kent, Wessex, and Sussex get their names.
Connacht in western Eire forms. Eire breaks its centuries-long tribal stability, probably as the many new kingdoms and tribes explode around the lands. Dammonia also in Western France, Powys, Elmet, Deira, Rheged, Bernicia, Gododdin, and Dalradia form in once Roman territories. Picts are still found in the north. Eire has Aileach, Ulaid, Airgialla, Oriel, Laigin, and Muma tribes.
By 700AD the Frankish Kingdom is beginning to wax on the Continent. Dammonians have settled West France. Strathclydes live in the top of the sound. Northumbrians have formed in the east. Gwennyd and the Welsh states have grown to full Wales. The Laigin introduce to Eire. The Knights of King Arthur likely have made their appearance by this time.
The Venerable Bede wrote Historia in the lats 600's and early 700's in Wearmouth and Sunderland in the Kingdom of Northumbria.
Visigoth Kings of Spain in the 700's would soon face the incoming Islamic invaders, stopped at Tours in 732 by the Franks. British knights surely participated.
British Kingdoms Around 800 AD
By 800, the Frankish kingdom has encompassed the majority of the European continent from the Holy Roman States Denmark, to Britanny, and into present day Spain.
West Welas houses Land's End. The Dalraidan Kingdom sits in the north. Much of Scotland remains relatively unoccupied during these centuries but for the regional Picts, until around 900AD when it is populated or evidence discovered about Norwegian and Scandanvaian influences in the Hebrides, the Kingdom of Alba and the Jarl of Orkney. Norwegians land on the Isle of Man and Dublin condenses into a city. The Kingdom of York forms. The Kingdom of Brittany in Western France grows greatly. The Kingdom of Wessex covers much of the central region of England west of London. The Five Boroughs northeast of London are a continuing political entity. Surely these places, called kingdoms by the 900's, were influenced and forced to strengthen by the oversea presence of the Franks. The Frankish Kingdom has broken into ~3 parts by 900AD, and metallurgy and greater populations and interactions allow and demand broader organizations and more permanent cultures. Larger castles are being built with better tools and technologies.
In 911 Carolingian ruler Charles the Simple allowed Vikings to settle the land of northern France to discourage them from pillaging the coastline and mainlands. The Vikings helped provide protection from other attackers and became known as Northmen, from which the name Normandy is founded. They would later help launch the Norman Invasion of Britain in 1066.
By 1000, the Kingdom of England prevails in the south. The Kingdom of Dyfed covers Wales. The Kingdom of Alba and southern Strathclyde are over Scotland and the Earl of Orkney rules the northern coast. The Eire, the Munster form in the very south. The Counties of Flanders and Brittany persist on the Continent.
Around this time the Crusades are organized and thousands of knights and militaries of Christian European nations stream to the Holy Land. It seems that the English have settled and held their land until the Norman Invasionof 1066. This invasion led to further invasions of Scotland and Eire. The Continental coastline has broken up. By 1100 the Kingdom of England under Norman rule is pressing into Gwynedd and Deheubarth in southern Wales. The Kingdom of Alba become the Kingdom of Scotland.
Norman control introduced French as the ruling language, Latin as the language of the Church, and Englisch as the peasants' language. These three meld Old English, influenced primarily by Celtic, Gaelic, and Germanic tongues from the Angles and Saxons into the Middle English spoken thusly. In later centuries Noah Webster and the [Grammaticians] organize English into the refined language we speak today. Even through the 1600's people freely spelt their words in any sensible manner in official documents and few knew how to read unless they were learned from the church for the recording of the Holy Bible, spiritual illuminations, and other holy documents, or government decrees. Merchants' signs frequently had pictures rather than words on them. "The Red Unicorn" would be the name of a tavern not because the sign read so, but because a red unicorn was painted onto it. The printing press helped make literature widespread and literacy followed.
29 December, 1170 Thomas Beckett, the Archbishop of Canterbury was killed in the Canterbury Cathedral by King Henry II over the rights and privileges of the church. He became a martyr. The act inspired faithful to make pilgrimages to Canterbury and Geoffrey Chaucer's Canterbury Tales.
In 1215 the Magna Carta is sealed by British nobles and the English King John to forcibly limit his powers and require the consent of nobles to being ruled. Nobles had previously battled far more intensely for the crown. This upper-class democracy or republicanism demonstrated an early change in feudal politics towards mercantilism and city-states.
At 1200 AD the Kingdom of England is in parts of Eire and holds some of the inland areas near Cork and Dubh Lynn. By 1300 they lose most of the Continental Coastline friendly states to the Frankish Empire, only for them to reopen by 1400AD. England and Scotland trade border territories during the 1300's-1500's. Wars with France and internal unrest shifts the layouts and alliances of cities and provinces. Noway leaves the north but the Kingdom of Man remains its own power. In 1400 the Union of Kalmar places a strong and close neighbor in Denmark and Scandanavia.
England joined in alliance with Portugal in 1373, which is the world's longest standing alliance, and still active during the Napoleonic Wars.
The building of cathedrals escalates in the 1200's on the Continent and in England. By 1800 England had 27 cathedrals. English law stated that no cathedral could be built in a village, so all towns containing cathedrals became called cities. Wells c.1250 and Ely c. 1174-1197 are small towns that are called Cathedral Cities. Cathedrals could take many decades to build.
The Spanish Kingdom gains great strength after the Muslims are evicted in the 1400's. Spain joins the Netherlands by and Portugal before 1600 and is given great authority by the Pope, who declares their Spanish Armada 'invincible', and grants to Spain and Portugal the New World of South America after being discovered by Europeans in 1492. The English defeat the threatening Spanish Armada in 1587, the remnants of the crew of which crash in Eireland, becoming the Black Irish. Dublin is England's in 1600. Queen Elizabeth ruled from 17 November 1558 until her death 24 March 1603. [#4] She oversaw the defeat of the Spanish Armada.
1517 the Protestant Reformation begins in Europe. Martin Luther participates substantially in the reformation, nailing his "95 Thesis" to the doors of the castlechruch [schlosskirche] in Wittgenstein, Holy Roman Empire. The Reformation in England was influenced by this.
In 1534 the Church of England is formed when King Henry VIII [1491-&1509-1547] forms it to divorce his wife and remarry, which is forbidden in Roman Catholicism. Their marriages are 'annulled'. Before this date England was Roman Catholic. During the 1600's England experienced great religious struggle and wars between Protestants, Anglicans, and Catholics. It helped inspire the Protestant Reformation and is part of Martin Luther's protest of the corrupted and dead parts of the 1500's and 1600's Roman Catholic church.
The King James Version of the Holy Bible was begun translation in 1604 and first printed by the Chruch of England in 1611.
The English Civil War led by Oliver Cromwell briefly abolished the British monarchy.
William Shakespeare was a playwright in England near Stratford-on-Avon until his death in 1616.
British Empire
The British Empire rose with the defeat of the Spanish Armada in 1587. English colonies were taken around the world by British sailors and military. Britain has more coastline and a stronger naval presence than any of its neighbors, giving it an advantage in sailing the oceans when navigation, colonialism, mercantilism, and evangelism were a competitive race. British colonies in the Caribbean, Africa, India, and North America brought great wealth and power to Britain during the 1600's, 1700's, and 1800's.
The East India Trading Company was one of the first and biggest corporate adventures. They were given great control of India and maintained a standing army of their own.
By 1700, England is a Kingdom united with Scotland, Eireland, and the United Netherlands, which also hold rich trading colonies in the Caribbean, Africa, and the Far East. In 1800 they are no longer allied closely with the Netherlands and are in union with the Electorate of Hanover.
The American rebellion and revolution of 1776 crack away British colonies from North America and signify a first weakening of the colonial era and the era of monarchies. The French Revolution in 1789 enhances the experiment with popular rule over kingdoms. During the 1800's and 1900's colonial seats lose much of their colonial strength in the Americas as Mexico declares independence in 1820 and Simon Bolivar leads freedom wars against the Spanish Iberians in Bolivia, Colombia, and Venezuela. Slavery is abolished in all English colonies in 1834. In French colonies in 1848. Wallachia and Moldovia in modern Romania abolish them in the 1850's, and the the American Civil War between the States from 1860-1865 ends American slavery, one of the last major slaveholding institutions as civil, civic, and market conditions change labor strategies worldwide from colonial slavery with England as a colonial power, towards a growing industrialism and economic control system, where previously monarchy and empire were far more absolute.
In the 1840's the British fight the Opium Wars against China and defeat them soundly, forcing China to surrender the city of Hong Kong for 150 years, a treaty ending in 1997.
Modern
London's "The City" is a covert and economically controlling portion of British rule. The Rothschilds, historic bankers, still set the price of gold every morning on the London Stock Exchange.
Canterbury is in county Kent in the southwest end of England. Land's End is the farthest most point of land in southwestern England, past Cornwall.
===
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genetic_history_of_the_British_Isles
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stonehenge
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_britain
History
Introduction of Christianity
Before the introduction of Christianity by Constantine Romans in the 4th century AD, and St Augustine in 597, pagan and folk religions were widespread in Britain and other northern lands. From the 300's AD to the later millennium pagan and Christian religions struggled in the hearts of the people.
The Kingdom of Kent converted to Christianity in 597 AD and Saint Augustine, who questioned whether women have souls, 1 > 0, became the first Archbishop of Canterbury when he and his missionaries sent by Pope Saint Gregory the Great converted king Aethelbert of Kent to Christianity. A mass baptism by water on Christmas Day in 597 converted thousands of Canterbury villagers. The king gave St Augustine's missionaries land outside the city walls to build a monastery. Celtic pagans did not accept St Augustine's authority.
Stonehenge
Dated by archaeologists to between 2200 BC - 3000BC, Stonehenge is a spiritual and astrological tool and calendar for ancient Celts. Pagan earth religions and Celtic rituals cover the Stonehenge and other realms like it.
Roman Empire
One of the oldest elements of Britain is Hadrian's Wall, built by the Roman Emperor Hadrian at the slenderest part of northern England south of Scotland, to defend the southern from invasions by the Picts, Celts, and other northern tribes.
Ancient to Medieval England
Caledonia was the name given to Scotland north of Rome.
Around 100AD, those on the Eire were Robogdii, Nagnatae, Eblani, Brigantes [Brigands], and the Hiberni from north to south. Brigand King Venutius in northern England led a revolt against Roman rule in the 50's AD and was defeated.
Before the Roman invasion the tribes of Britain were the Caledonians, Damnii, the Brigands, the Ordovices, Silvres, Iceni, Trinobantes, Cantii, Belgae, and Dvmnonii at the Land's End. Belgae gave their name and blood to Belgium eventually. The Frisii were those from the Low Countries.
In [313] AD Emperor Constantine of the Eastern Roman Empire saw a sign "Px" in the sky as clouds, which led him to victory in battle. He converted to Christianity and declared his empire Christian. England, Roman at the time, became more influenced by Roman Christianity. Christianity had first come to England via Ireland and Iberia in the first or second centuries.
Around 300AD northern England also contained Novantae, Selgovae, and Votadini. By 400AD Roman rule was crumbling and in 410AD all Roman legions withdrew from Britain, leaving them to their own devices. Scotland also contained Taezali, Picts, Vacomagi, Lvgi, and Venicones. I think of these here as last names for large tribes of people. Before large and permanent settlements condensed as populations grew and trading centers prospered, tribal regions were frontiers and the people there migrated frequently.
By 500 the major tribes in northern England were the Scots, the Picts, the Caledonians, and the Lvgi in the farthest north. Romans never touch Ireland and the 5 tribes there held their positions for centuries. After Romans left Britain, the Britainni tribes settled in the western half of the southlands, covering Wales. The Saxons held the area of London, and their eastern branch the land south of Denmark. The Angles settled in eastern Britain and southern Denmark. This is the era of the Angels and the Saxones invading Britain.
The land of Brittany in western France was called Aremorica.
In 597 AD St. Augustine converted Kent to Christianity and began spreading it through England vivaciously.
The King's School was build in 597 in Canterbury. It is possibly England's oldest school.
By 600 the area has forgotten Rome and many small kingdoms and tribes more densely populate the island. Better more recent archaeology and more permanent and populous settlements provide better clues about the people.
The male King Anna of East Anglia was born in 630
Synod of Whitby, 664 AD.
The Gwynned form in northern Wales, and remain a force there for centuries. Cornwall is settled by the Cornish, who also have hands in western France. Mercia forms north of London. East Anglia forms east of London. Kent, Wessex, and Sussex get their names.
Connacht in western Eire forms. Eire breaks its centuries-long tribal stability, probably as the many new kingdoms and tribes explode around the lands. Dammonia also in Western France, Powys, Elmet, Deira, Rheged, Bernicia, Gododdin, and Dalradia form in once Roman territories. Picts are still found in the north. Eire has Aileach, Ulaid, Airgialla, Oriel, Laigin, and Muma tribes.
By 700AD the Frankish Kingdom is beginning to wax on the Continent. Dammonians have settled West France. Strathclydes live in the top of the sound. Northumbrians have formed in the east. Gwennyd and the Welsh states have grown to full Wales. The Laigin introduce to Eire. The Knights of King Arthur likely have made their appearance by this time.
The Venerable Bede wrote Historia in the lats 600's and early 700's in Wearmouth and Sunderland in the Kingdom of Northumbria.
Visigoth Kings of Spain in the 700's would soon face the incoming Islamic invaders, stopped at Tours in 732 by the Franks. British knights surely participated.
British Kingdoms Around 800 AD
By 800, the Frankish kingdom has encompassed the majority of the European continent from the Holy Roman States Denmark, to Britanny, and into present day Spain.
West Welas houses Land's End. The Dalraidan Kingdom sits in the north. Much of Scotland remains relatively unoccupied during these centuries but for the regional Picts, until around 900AD when it is populated or evidence discovered about Norwegian and Scandanvaian influences in the Hebrides, the Kingdom of Alba and the Jarl of Orkney. Norwegians land on the Isle of Man and Dublin condenses into a city. The Kingdom of York forms. The Kingdom of Brittany in Western France grows greatly. The Kingdom of Wessex covers much of the central region of England west of London. The Five Boroughs northeast of London are a continuing political entity. Surely these places, called kingdoms by the 900's, were influenced and forced to strengthen by the oversea presence of the Franks. The Frankish Kingdom has broken into ~3 parts by 900AD, and metallurgy and greater populations and interactions allow and demand broader organizations and more permanent cultures. Larger castles are being built with better tools and technologies.
In 911 Carolingian ruler Charles the Simple allowed Vikings to settle the land of northern France to discourage them from pillaging the coastline and mainlands. The Vikings helped provide protection from other attackers and became known as Northmen, from which the name Normandy is founded. They would later help launch the Norman Invasion of Britain in 1066.
By 1000, the Kingdom of England prevails in the south. The Kingdom of Dyfed covers Wales. The Kingdom of Alba and southern Strathclyde are over Scotland and the Earl of Orkney rules the northern coast. The Eire, the Munster form in the very south. The Counties of Flanders and Brittany persist on the Continent.
Around this time the Crusades are organized and thousands of knights and militaries of Christian European nations stream to the Holy Land. It seems that the English have settled and held their land until the Norman Invasionof 1066. This invasion led to further invasions of Scotland and Eire. The Continental coastline has broken up. By 1100 the Kingdom of England under Norman rule is pressing into Gwynedd and Deheubarth in southern Wales. The Kingdom of Alba become the Kingdom of Scotland.
Norman control introduced French as the ruling language, Latin as the language of the Church, and Englisch as the peasants' language. These three meld Old English, influenced primarily by Celtic, Gaelic, and Germanic tongues from the Angles and Saxons into the Middle English spoken thusly. In later centuries Noah Webster and the [Grammaticians] organize English into the refined language we speak today. Even through the 1600's people freely spelt their words in any sensible manner in official documents and few knew how to read unless they were learned from the church for the recording of the Holy Bible, spiritual illuminations, and other holy documents, or government decrees. Merchants' signs frequently had pictures rather than words on them. "The Red Unicorn" would be the name of a tavern not because the sign read so, but because a red unicorn was painted onto it. The printing press helped make literature widespread and literacy followed.
29 December, 1170 Thomas Beckett, the Archbishop of Canterbury was killed in the Canterbury Cathedral by King Henry II over the rights and privileges of the church. He became a martyr. The act inspired faithful to make pilgrimages to Canterbury and Geoffrey Chaucer's Canterbury Tales.
In 1215 the Magna Carta is sealed by British nobles and the English King John to forcibly limit his powers and require the consent of nobles to being ruled. Nobles had previously battled far more intensely for the crown. This upper-class democracy or republicanism demonstrated an early change in feudal politics towards mercantilism and city-states.
At 1200 AD the Kingdom of England is in parts of Eire and holds some of the inland areas near Cork and Dubh Lynn. By 1300 they lose most of the Continental Coastline friendly states to the Frankish Empire, only for them to reopen by 1400AD. England and Scotland trade border territories during the 1300's-1500's. Wars with France and internal unrest shifts the layouts and alliances of cities and provinces. Noway leaves the north but the Kingdom of Man remains its own power. In 1400 the Union of Kalmar places a strong and close neighbor in Denmark and Scandanavia.
England joined in alliance with Portugal in 1373, which is the world's longest standing alliance, and still active during the Napoleonic Wars.
The building of cathedrals escalates in the 1200's on the Continent and in England. By 1800 England had 27 cathedrals. English law stated that no cathedral could be built in a village, so all towns containing cathedrals became called cities. Wells c.1250 and Ely c. 1174-1197 are small towns that are called Cathedral Cities. Cathedrals could take many decades to build.
The Spanish Kingdom gains great strength after the Muslims are evicted in the 1400's. Spain joins the Netherlands by and Portugal before 1600 and is given great authority by the Pope, who declares their Spanish Armada 'invincible', and grants to Spain and Portugal the New World of South America after being discovered by Europeans in 1492. The English defeat the threatening Spanish Armada in 1587, the remnants of the crew of which crash in Eireland, becoming the Black Irish. Dublin is England's in 1600. Queen Elizabeth ruled from 17 November 1558 until her death 24 March 1603. [#4] She oversaw the defeat of the Spanish Armada.
1517 the Protestant Reformation begins in Europe. Martin Luther participates substantially in the reformation, nailing his "95 Thesis" to the doors of the castlechruch [schlosskirche] in Wittgenstein, Holy Roman Empire. The Reformation in England was influenced by this.
In 1534 the Church of England is formed when King Henry VIII [1491-&1509-1547] forms it to divorce his wife and remarry, which is forbidden in Roman Catholicism. Their marriages are 'annulled'. Before this date England was Roman Catholic. During the 1600's England experienced great religious struggle and wars between Protestants, Anglicans, and Catholics. It helped inspire the Protestant Reformation and is part of Martin Luther's protest of the corrupted and dead parts of the 1500's and 1600's Roman Catholic church.
The King James Version of the Holy Bible was begun translation in 1604 and first printed by the Chruch of England in 1611.
The English Civil War led by Oliver Cromwell briefly abolished the British monarchy.
William Shakespeare was a playwright in England near Stratford-on-Avon until his death in 1616.
British Empire
The British Empire rose with the defeat of the Spanish Armada in 1587. English colonies were taken around the world by British sailors and military. Britain has more coastline and a stronger naval presence than any of its neighbors, giving it an advantage in sailing the oceans when navigation, colonialism, mercantilism, and evangelism were a competitive race. British colonies in the Caribbean, Africa, India, and North America brought great wealth and power to Britain during the 1600's, 1700's, and 1800's.
The East India Trading Company was one of the first and biggest corporate adventures. They were given great control of India and maintained a standing army of their own.
By 1700, England is a Kingdom united with Scotland, Eireland, and the United Netherlands, which also hold rich trading colonies in the Caribbean, Africa, and the Far East. In 1800 they are no longer allied closely with the Netherlands and are in union with the Electorate of Hanover.
The American rebellion and revolution of 1776 crack away British colonies from North America and signify a first weakening of the colonial era and the era of monarchies. The French Revolution in 1789 enhances the experiment with popular rule over kingdoms. During the 1800's and 1900's colonial seats lose much of their colonial strength in the Americas as Mexico declares independence in 1820 and Simon Bolivar leads freedom wars against the Spanish Iberians in Bolivia, Colombia, and Venezuela. Slavery is abolished in all English colonies in 1834. In French colonies in 1848. Wallachia and Moldovia in modern Romania abolish them in the 1850's, and the the American Civil War between the States from 1860-1865 ends American slavery, one of the last major slaveholding institutions as civil, civic, and market conditions change labor strategies worldwide from colonial slavery with England as a colonial power, towards a growing industrialism and economic control system, where previously monarchy and empire were far more absolute.
In the 1840's the British fight the Opium Wars against China and defeat them soundly, forcing China to surrender the city of Hong Kong for 150 years, a treaty ending in 1997.
Modern
London's "The City" is a covert and economically controlling portion of British rule. The Rothschilds, historic bankers, still set the price of gold every morning on the London Stock Exchange.
Canterbury is in county Kent in the southwest end of England. Land's End is the farthest most point of land in southwestern England, past Cornwall.
===
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genetic_history_of_the_British_Isles
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stonehenge
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_britain
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